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CITY OF COLUMBUS/U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE PROPOSED AGREEMENT
8/16/99
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO EASTERN DIVISION

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
    Plaintiff      

                   v.

CITY OF COLUMBUS, OHIO,
    Defendant

CONSENT DECREE

INTRODUCTION
    1. The United States brings this action to enforce Section 210401 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act 1994, 42 U.S.C. § 14141.

    2. In its Complaint, the United States alleges that officers of the Columbus, Ohio Division of Police ("CDP") have engaged and continue to engage in a pattern or practice of conduct that deprives persons of rights, privileges or immunities secured or protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States, and that the City of Columbus has tolerated this conduct by failing adequately to train, supervise, and monitor police officers, and by failing to adequately receive citizen complaints of misconduct, investigate alleged misconduct and discipline officers who are guilty of misconduct. In making these allegations, the United States recognizes that the majority of Columbus police officers perform their difficult jobs in a lawful manner

    3. The defendant in this action is the City of Columbus, a Municipality in the State of Ohio (hereinafter, "the City").  For purposes of complying with the provisions of the Decree, the term "City" includes the Municipal Corporation, its elected and appointed officials, employees and other authorized representatives.

    4. The City denies all allegations made by the United States and enters this Decree for the exclusive purpose of avoiding the risks and burdens of litigation and because of its commitment to using the best available practices and procedures for police management.

    5. This Court has jurisdiction of this action under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1345. The United States is authorized to initiate this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 14141. Venue is proper in the Southern District of Ohio pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1391.

     6. This Decree resolves all claims in the United States' Complaint filed in this case. This Decree further resolves all claims the United States may have under 42 U.S.C. § 14141 or 42 U.S.C. § 3789d(c) regarding a current pattern or practice of racial discrimination in law enforcement by the City. This Decree shall result in the closure of all administrative complaints under 42 U.S.C. § 2000d or 42 U.S.C. § 3789d(c) currently on file with the Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division that allege discrimination by the CDP or its officers. Upon filing of the executed copies of this consent decree, all administrative complaints pending with the Justice Department concerning issues addressed in this Decree shall be considered resolved and closed.

    7. The United States and the City agree that in order to promote police integrity, avoid police misconduct, ensure community support for the CDP and its officers, and promote the use of effective, sound policing techniques, the City must continue its efforts to achieve and maintain good practices and procedures for police supervision and management. The City hereby affirms and acknowledges its obligation to manage and supervise the actions of police officers to promote police integrity and prevent conduct that deprives persons of rights, privileges, or immunities secured or protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States.

    8. Nothing in this Decree is intended to alter the lawful authority of Columbus police officers to use reasonable and necessary force, effect arrests and file charges, conduct searches or make seizures, or otherwise fulfill their law enforcement obligations to the people of the City of Columbus in a manner consistent with the requirements of the Constitutions and laws of the United States and the State of Ohio.

    9. This Decree shall constitute the entire integrated agreement of the parties. No prior drafts or prior or contemporaneous communications, oral or written, shall be relevant or admissible for purposes of determining the meaning of any provisions herein in any litigation or any other proceeding.

    10. This Decree is binding upon the United States and on the City, by and through its officials, agents, employees, and successors. This Decree is enforceable only by the parties. Nothing in this Decree shall be construed to impair the right of any person or organization to seek relief against the City for its conduct or the conduct of Columbus police officers. The provisions of this Decree, and the City's efforts to implement this Decree to promote best practices and procedures for the CDP, may be used as evidence that the City is not "deliberately indifferent" to the rights of individuals secured by the Constitution and laws of the United States and the State of Ohio, or laws of the City of Columbus.

    11. The City, by and through its officials, agents, employees, and successors, shall not engage in a pattern or practice of conduct by the CDP that deprives persons of rights privileges, or immunities secured or protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States.

Definitions
    12. "Civilian" means any person who is not a CDP officer.

    13. "Complaint" includes an allegation by a civilian or officer that a CDP officer engaged in misconduct or acted in illegal manner For purposes of this Decree, the term does - include any allegation of employment discrimination

    14. "Complainant" means any person who files a complaint against a CDP officer or the CDP.

    15. The terms "document" and "record" include all "writings" and recordings" as defined by Federal Rules of Evidence Rule 1001(1).

    16. "Police officer" or "officer" means any law enforcement officer employed by the CDP, including supervisors.

    17. The term "positive corrective action" refers to non-disciplinary action taken by a CDP supervisor to enable and encourage an officer to undertake a willing modification of his or her performance. It may include: non-documented oral counseling; retraining; or mandatory professional assistance/evaluation or referral to the CDP's Employee Assistance Program.

    18. "Physical injury" means any injury that results in death, or that the City has reason to know requires or results in medical care. "Physical injury" does not include medical care resulting from the application of a chemical weapon that is limited to the washing out of the subject's eyes.

    19. "Supervisor" means a police officer with oversight responsibility for other officers.

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TRAINING
CDP Training Bureau
    20. The CDP Training Bureau shall: oversee and ensure the quality of all training of CDP officers; continue to develop and implement the Columbus Police Academy curriculum for training CPD recruits, and provide training for Academy instructors; select and train CDP Field Training Officers ("FTOs") supervise the training given by FTOs, in coordination with and assistance from CDP supervisors; approve and supervise all in-service training for CDP officers, and, in conjunction with other CDP sub-units, develop and implement all in-service training conducted by the CDP; provide training for CDP in-service instructors; and establish procedures for evaluating the effectiveness of training programs (which shall include an evaluation of instructional content, the quality of instruction, and the implementation by CDP officers of the practices and procedures being taught).

    21. The City shall establish systems for CDP Subdivision, Bureaus, and Sections to provide information and refer particular incidents to the Training Bureau to assist the Training Bureau evaluating the effectiveness of training and to assess the need for new or further training. The Internal Affairs Bureau and supervisors, in carrying out their responsibilities for investigating and/or reviewing individual incidents and review reports and logs, shall refer appropriate matters to the Training Bureau for review.

Training Auditor
    22. Within 90 days after entry of this Decree, the City and the United States shall together select a Training Auditor who shall review and evaluate all training currently provided to CDP officers by the CDP and any other entities. The City will bear the costs of the Training Auditor. The issues to be examined by the Training Auditor include: training quality, content frequency, amount, and length (including the length of Academy training and training of probationary officers by FTOs; the quality of training facilities; and post-training evaluations of whether the concepts, standards, practices, and procedures that are being taught are successfully being learned and implemented. If the United States and the City are unable to agree on a Training Auditor, each shall submit two names, along with resumes or curricula vitae and cost proposals, to the Court and the Court shall appoint the Training Auditor from among the names submitted.

    23. Within 120 days of being selected, the Training Auditor shall submit a draft report to the Independent Monitor (established by 114 of this Decree) and the parties setting forth the Auditor's findings and recommendations. During the 30-day period following submittal of the draft report, the Training Auditor, the Independent Monitor, and the parties shall consult regarding the content of the draft report, and the Monitor and the parties may submit written comments on the draft report to the Auditor (with copies provided to each other). Within 30 days after the consultation and comment period has ended, the Training Auditor shall submit a final report to the Court, the Independent Monitor, and the parties, with appropriate explanations and justifications for any changes made to the draft report.

    24. Within 90 days after submission of the Training Auditor's final report, the City shall develop a plan for implementing the report's recommendations and submit the plan to the Independent Monitor for approval, after first consulting with the United States. Following approval by the Monitor, the plan shall be implemented, except that the United States or the City may obtain Court review of the Monitor's decision to approve or disapprove the plan.

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Subjects of Training and Training Instructors
    25. The following subjects shall be covered in recruit training and recurrently in in-service training provided to all CDP officers: cultural diversity, which shall include training on police interactions with persons from different racial, ethnic, and religious groups, persons of the opposite sex, persons having a different sexual orientation, and persons with disabilities, and training in communications skills; uses of force, focusing on when different types of force may be used and tactics for avoiding confrontation or the need to use force and integrity and ethics, including the duties of truthfulness and reporting misconduct by fellow officers, professionalism, and the duty to cooperate in misconduct investigations.

    26. The City, on a recurrent basis, shall provide all supervisors with supervisory and leadership training which in addition to the subjects addressed in the previous paragraph shall address accountability, current supervisory issues, and supervisory techniques to promote police integrity and prevent misconduct.

    27. The City shall design and implement in-service training programs for all CDP officers who are advancing in rank, to be given at the start of the promoted officer's tenure in his or her new rank.

    28. The City shall design and implement in-service training programs for those CDP officers who are newly assigned to a CDP Subdivision, Bureau, or Section where specialized training is necessary in order to perform the assigned duties.

    29. The City shall immediately provide copies of this Decree and explain its terms to all CDP officers and employees in order to ensure that they understand the requirements of this Decree and the necessity for strict compliance After the City has adopted new policies and procedures in compliance with this Decree, every CDP officer shall receive inservice training regarding the new policies and procedures and the relevant provisions of this Decree. These policies and procedures also shall be taught as part of recruit training at the CDP Academy.

    30. The FTO program for all probationary officers shall be at least four months in length. While in the FTO program, each probationary officer shall rotate through at least three precincts and shall become familiar with non-patrol bureaus.

    31. The City shall establish formal eligibility criteria for selection of Academy and in-service training instructors, and Field Training Officers, and shall evaluate applicants based on these criteria. The criteria shall address, inter alia, previous performance as police officers, experience as a trainer, prior in-service training or advanced training received, specialized knowledge, interpersonal and communication skills, cultural and community sensitivity and commitment to police integrity.

    32. The City shall ensure that all CDP training instructors (both Academy and in-service) and Field Training Officers receive adequate training to enable them to carry out their duties including training in adult learning skills. Training of FTOs shall include training on substantive policing issues, including use of force policies and procedures, legal issues, and situational and tactical planning and techniques. Training instructors and FTOs are required to maintain, and demonstrate on a regular basis, a fully competent job performance. The City shall document instructors' and FTOs' proficiency and provide additional training to maintain proficiency.

    33. The City shall establish a term of duty for all training instructors and FTOs. A training instructor or FTO may be reappointed to a new term of duty only if the officer has performed in a fully competent manner and may be removed from such position during the term of appointment for acts or behaviors that would disqualify the officer from selection or for other reasons.

    34. The City shall enhance its current incentive system for encouraging superior officers to become training instructors and FTOs.

    35. The City shall maintain records documenting all training of officers including officers names, the dates of the training, the general subject matter of the training, and whether it was completed satisfactorily.

USE OF FORCE
   36. A "'use of force" is defined as an effort by a CDP officer to compel compliance from a civilian, except for the following actions: the mere presence of police officers or police canines; the police issuance of verbal commands; handcuffing with no or minimal resistance when used as a restraint in arrest and transport activities; a come-along grasp of a civilian's arm or shoulder when the civilian is offering no or minimal resistance; or the display or brandishing of a firearm, unless the firearm is aimed at a civilian under circumstances other than when firearms are ordered displayed by a supervisor for purposes of tactical entry.

    37. The City shall continue to develop and implement policies and procedures for addressing crowd control situations and the use of force, including: criteria for when force may be used; a use of force continuum; measures and procedures to avoid use of force; and strategic and tactical considerations. The City shall provide the public with a reasonable opportunity to submit written comments on the elements that should be included in the crowd control policies and procedures prior to their adoption.

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INCIDENT REPORTING, REVIEW, AND MEDICAL RESPONSE
Reporting
    38. The City shall revise its written reports to include the reports and log described in ¶¶ 40-43 of this Decree. Officers shall be required to complete these reports and the log.

    39. The reports described by ¶¶ 40-42 of this Decree shall include the following information: the name of the officer involved; the officer's badge number; the names and badge numbers of other officers present when the incident occurred; the date, time, and location of the incident; a description of the incident; a description of any injuries suffered by any person involved in the incident and medical and/or hospital data; names and contact information for all witnesses; and the signatures of the officer and immediate supervisor. Any visible injury to an officer or civilian shall be photographed or videotaped immediately after the incident (prior to booking the civilian if the civilian is arrested), except, when exigent circumstances are sent, the photographing or videotaping shall be done as soon as practical after the incident.

    40. Use of force: The City shall revise its written forms reporting use of force. The City shall require that each officer complete the revised "use of force" form each time he or she uses any type of force as defined in this Decree. In addition to the information currently required on this form (and the information required in ¶ 39), reports shall include the following information: identification of each specific type of force used and a description of the effectiveness of each type of force used; name, race and gender of the person against whom force was used; and whether the individual against whom force was used was arrested or cited, and if so, the charges.

    41. Law enforcement related injuries: The City shall continue to require that any physical injury suffered by a civilian while in police custody or while in the course of police pursuit of a civilian, that is not the subject of a "use of force" report by a CDP officer, be reported and investigated.  The City shall revise its written form for reporting such injuries, and shall require that the form be completed by the officer who had custody of the civilian or who was pursuing the civilian when the injury occurred. Reports shall include the information required in ¶ 39 as well as the following information: name, race and gender of the injured civilian; and whether the civilian who suffered the injury was arrested or cited, and if so, the charges.

    42. Searches and seizures: The City shall revise its written report completed each time an officer enters a residence without a warrant or consent of the owner or occupants, performs a search without a warrant (excluding searches incident to arrests or traffic stops), or seizes any property without a warrant (excluding towing vehicles or seizures following a search incident to an arrest or a traffic stop). Reports shall include the information required in ¶ 39 as well as the following information: the basis for the search and/or seizure including whether it was based on probable cause, consent, plain view and/or exigent circumstances); the name, race, and gender of all civilians who were the subject of the search and/or seizure; any weapons, evidence, or contraband found; and whether the civilians involved in the search or seizure were arrested or cited and if so, the charges.

    43. Traffic stops: The City shall develop, and require CDP officers to complete, a written log each time an officer performs a traffic stop. The log shall include, at a minimum, the following information:  the officer's name and badge number; date, time, and location of the stop; a vehicle description and license number/state; the driver's gender and race; whether driver was arrested, cited, or warned, and if so, the charges; whether the driver or passengers were requested to exit the vehicle; whether consent to search the vehicle was requested or granted; whether a canine was deployed and, if so, whether it alerted; any weapons, evidence, or contraband found; and the signature of the officer.

    44. In accord with current CDP policy, the reporting requirements set forth in ¶¶ 40-43 shall apply when an officer is on regular or special duty.

    45. The City shall revise and implement the forms required by ¶¶ 40-43 (and any related forms) to eliminate duplication and reduce paperwork. The City shall submit the forms required by ¶¶ 40-43 to the Independent Monitor for approval, after first consulting with the United States. Following approval by the Monitor, the forms shall be implemented, except that the United States or the City may obtain Court review of the Monitor's decision to approve or disapprove any form.

    46. The City will continue to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of installing video cameras in a portion of the CDP patrol fleet, and the feasibility and efficacy of having officers (including supervisors carry audio tape recorders.

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Review Procedures
    47. The reporting officer's supervisor shall review each report prepared pursuant to ¶¶ 40-42 within one week of the precipitating incident. Supervisors shall refer for investigation by the Internal Affairs Bureau ("IAB") incidents where this review reasonably indicates a possible violation of Citywide Work Rules, CDP Rules of Conduct, or CDP Directives relating to excessive use of force, an improper arrest, an unreasonable search or seizure, or discrimination on the basis of race, color, gender, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, and/or disability. Referral shall be automatic and shall take place immediately at the time of the incident for all incidents resulting in physical injury either to a civilian or to an officer. Investigations of firearms discharges shall be handled as set forth infra.

    48. The City shall refer for investigation by IAB all incidents in which a civilian is charged with obstruction of official business, resisting arrest, assault on an officer, or disorderly conduct where the prosecutor's office or a judge dismisses the charge before or during trial and the dismissal is not part of a plea agreement.

    49. Supervisors shall evaluate any incident not referred to IAB for investigation to determine the need to implement any positive corrective action for the involved officer.

    50. Supervisors shall be held accountable for their referral decisions The chain of command shall conduct periodic reviews of referral decisions to ensure appropriate referrals are being made.

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Medical Response
    51. The City shall establish a policy specifying the circumstances in which a civilian shall be transported to receive medical care when the civilian is the subject of a use of force by a CDP officer or otherwise is suffering from an injury while in police custody.

MISCONDUCT/FIREARMS INVESTIGATIONS, ANALYSES, AND RESOLUTIONS
Internal Affairs Bureau
   52. The City shall provide the CDP Internal Affairs Bureau with sufficient staff, funds, and resources to perform the functions required by this Decree. The City may establish, such sub-units in IAB as are necessary to carry out the functions assigned to it.

    53. The City shall establish formal eligibility criteria for the commander of IAB and for IAB staff who conduct internal investigations. The criteria shall address, inter alia, prior investigative experience, analytic and writing skills, interpersonal and communication skills, cultural and community sensitivity, commitment to police integrity, and previous performance as a police officer.

    54. The City shall establish terms of duty for the commander of IAB and for IAB staff who conduct internal investigations, and may reappoint an officer to a new term of duty only if the officer has performed in a fully competent manner. IAB officers may be removed during their term of duty for acts or behaviors that would disqualify the officer from selection or for other reasons.

    55. The City shall ensure that the commander of IAB and IAB staff receive adequate training to enable them to carry out their duties.

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Filing and Receipt of Misconduct Complaints and Allegations
    56. Civilians may initiate a complaint against an officer either in person, by mail, by telephone (or TDD), or by facsimile transmission at CDP headquarters, any CDP station, or the offices of the Department of Public Safety. The City shall continue its practice of not requiring a complaint form to initiate misconduct investigation. Complaint forms and pamphlets shall be available at CDP headquarters, all CDP stations, Department of Public Safety offices, and appropriate other locations around Columbus.

    57. The City shall continue to provide a 24-hour telephone hotline operated by IAB, for civilians to call to file a complain., All conversations on this hotline shall be tape recorded; all persons calling the hotline shall be notified of the tape recording. The City shall regularly review the tape recordings to assure that callers are being treated with appropriate courtesy and respect, complainants are not being discouraged from filing complaints, and all necessary information about each complaint is being obtained.

    58. IAB shall be responsible for receiving all misconduct complaints filed at CDP headquarters. All complaints filed at locations other than CDP headquarters shall be forwarded to IAB within five days.

    59. In order to be investigated and adjudicated, a complaint must be filed within 90 days of the event complained of, unless the complaint alleges criminal behavior, or alleges excessive force, false arrest, unreasonable search or seizure, or discrimination on the basis of race, color, gender, religion national origin, sexual orientation, and/or disability.

    60. Every civilian complaint filed with the City shall be classified as a complaint. No complaint shall be filed as an "inquiry" and the current "inquiry" system is eliminated.

    61. The City shall continue to hold quarterly open meetings in rotating zones to inform the public about proper police functions and procedures, and the various methods for filing civilian complaints against police officers.

    62. Officers shall inform any individual who indicates a desire to file a complaint of the means by which a complaint may be filed, including the telephone number for the 24-hour complaint hotline. Department of Public Safety and CDP employees may not refuse to accept a civilian complaint or attempt to dissuade a civilian from filing a complaint for any reason.

    63. The City shall continue to accept, and investigate to the fullest extent possible, anonymous complaints and complaints filed by individuals other than the alleged victim of misconduct.

    64. The City shall require officers to report misconduct by other officers either directly to IAB or to a supervisor who must report the allegation to IAB.

    65. The City shall require all officers to promptly notify the City of the following: the officer is arrested or criminally charged for any conduct; the officer is named as a party in any civil suit involving his or her conduct while on regular or special duty; or the officer is named as a party in any civil suit regarding off-duty conduct that alleges physical violence, racial bias, fraud, or domestic violence by the officer.  Officers shall report this information either directly to IAB or to a supervisor who must report the information to IAB.

    66. The City will make reasonable efforts to implement a method by which it will be notified of a finding in a criminal proceeding of a constitutional violation or misconduct by a CDP officer.

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Misconduct Investigations and Firearms Discharge Investigations
    67. A misconduct investigation shall be initiated pursuant to any of the following:

  1. filing of a complaint (as defined in ¶ 13);
  2. referral pursuant to ¶ 47 or ¶ 48;
  3. filing of a civil suit by a civilian alleging misconduct by an officer while on regular or special duty. In these circumstances, the misconduct investigation shall be done at the direction of the City Attorney and the resulting report shall be provided only to the City Attorney;
  4. filing of a civil suit against an officer for off duty conduct that alleges physical violence, racial bias, fraud, or domestic violence;
  5. criminal arrest of or filing of a charge against an officer;
  6. criminal case order suppressing evidence because of any constitutional violation or other misconduct by a CDP officer, any other judicial finding of officer misconduct made in the course of a judicial proceeding or any request by a federal or state judge or magistrate that a misconduct investigation be initiated pursuant to information developed during a judicial proceeding before the judge or magistrate.

    68. All misconduct investigations shall be conducted by the Internal Affairs Bureau, except as delegated to chain-of-command supervisors. Assignment of misconduct investigations will be made as follows:

  1. Misconduct investigations shall be conducted by the Internal Affairs Bureau in the following circumstances:
  1. all complaints alleging excessive force false arrest, unreasonable search or seizure or discrimination on the basis of race, color, gender, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, and/or disability;
  2. all complaints where a CDP chain-of-command supervisor either was at the incident scene when the alleged misconduct occurred, or was involved in planning the CDP action whose implementation led to the complaint;
  3. any misconduct investigation undertaken pursuant to an event identified in subparagraphs (b) through of 1 67; and
  4. any other category of misconduct complaints that the Director of Public Safety determines should be investigated by IAB, or any individual misconduct complaint that the CDP determines should be investigated by IAB.
  1. The City shall continue to assign misconduct investigations not undertaken by the Internal Affairs Bureau to chain-of-command supervisors.
  2. IAB shall have the responsibility for reviewing all misconduct complaints as they are received to determine whether they meet the criteria (set forth in subparagraph (a) above) for being investigated by IAB or being delegated to a chain-of-command supervisor.

    69. The City shall continue to prohibit an officer who is the subject of a pending misconduct investigation from participating in any way in conducting that investigation.

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    70. The Critical Incident Response Team (CIRT) shall conduct an investigation of all firearms discharges by CDP officers that occur while on regular or special duty, except those that occur during training; and shall conduct an investigation of off-duty discharges by CDP officers where any person is injured or killed, or the facts reasonably indicate that the discharge may have been intentionally directed at a person. An IAB investigation shall be commenced in coordination with any CIRT investigation being conducted, and may be held in abeyance pending completion of a CIRT investigation. IAB shall coordinate with the CIRT investigators and Assistant City Attorneys in deciding whether, when, or in what manner a compelled statement should be taken from officers involved in the shooting or the manner in which evidence is gathered. Where CIRT is responsible for conducting an investigation of a firearms discharge, IAB shall monitor every interview conducted by the CDP during the CIRT investigation except where exigent circumstances do not allow that to occur.

    71. All interviews of civilians and officers during a misconduct investigation or an investigation of a firearms discharge by a CDP officer shall be tape-recorded or videotaped unless to do so compromises a criminal investigation or a civilian refuses the recording. Any written or recorded interviews shall be maintained as part of the investigative file. If a civilian refuses to be tape-recorded or videotaped, the officer conducting the investigation shall prepare a written narrative of the statement to be signed by the civilian.

    72. If civilians who are to be interviewed for a misconduct investigation or firearms discharge investigation are unable to come to a City office, or are unavailable to be interviewed during business hours, the City shall offer to interview them at alternate sites and times.

    73. IAB shall be notified immediately of the following types of incidents and, consistent with the provisions of ¶ 70, immediately shall travel to the incident scene to commence an investigation when a CDP officer discharges a firearm in circumstances that trigger a CIRT investigation; or when a civilian or officer is killed, admitted to a hospital, or suffers a broken bone or fracture as a result of an encounter between a civilian and a CDP officer who is on regular or special duty. IAB shall be immediately notified of an incident when an officer or civilian is seriously injured or treated at an emergency room as a result of an encounter between a civilian and a CDP officer who is on regular or special duty, a civilian is bitten by a police canine, or CDP officers use force to control, repel, or disperse a crowd of persons.

    74. In conducting misconduct investigations, the City shall continue its practice of assessing the propriety of all officer conduct during the incident in which the alleged misconduct occurred. If during the course of an investigation, the investigating officer has reason to believe that misconduct other that alleged occurred, the officer must notify his or her immediate supervisor and an investigation of the additional misconduct issues must be conducted as well.

    75. Where two or more individual incidents that require a misconduct investigation are related, the City may investigate the incidents in a single misconduct investigation.

    76. The City shall develop a manual for conducting misconduct investigations and firearms discharge investigations Evaluating and Resolving Misconduct Allegations and Firearms Discharge Investigations.

    77. The City shall resolve each allegation in a misconduct investigation by making one of the following dispositions:

  1. "Sustained," where a preponderance of the evidence shows that an officer violated the CDP Rules of Conduct or Directives, or Citywide Work Rules;
  2. "Unfounded," where a preponderance of the evidence shows that the alleged misconduct did not occur;
  3. "Insufficient evidence" (formerly "not sustained") where there is insufficient evidence to decide whether the alleged misconduct occurred;
  4. "Exonerated," where the alleged conduct occurred, but the conduct did not violate the CDP Rules of Conduct or Directives, or Citywide Work Rules; or
  5. "'Untimely,"' where the complaint was not timely filed.

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    78. The City shall not close any misconduct investigation without rendering one of the dispositions identified above. Withdrawal of a complaint, or unavailability of the complainant or the victim of the alleged misconduct to make a statement shall not be a basis for closing an investigation without further attempt at investigation. The City shall investigate such matters to the fullest extent possible to determine whether the allegations can be corroborated.

    79. At the conclusion of each misconduct investigation, the IAB or a CDP supervisor to whom an investigation has been delegated shall issue a report on the investigation, which shall be made a part of the investigation file. The report shall describe the alleged misconduct and any other possible misconduct identified during the course of the investigation, summarize and analyze all relevant evidence gathered during the investigation, and set forth recommended findings regarding dispositions. The Deputy Director of Quality Assurance (provided for in ¶ 104 of the Decree) shall be copied on all such reports.

    80. Where IAB or a supervisor finds in a misconduct investigation that an allegation of misconduct is "sustained", the investigative report shall recommend either that departmental charges be filed (which may lead to suspension, demotion, or termination), that discipline not involving departmental charges be issued, or that no discipline be issued. If departmental charges are recommended, the investigative file shall be forwarded to the accused officer's immediate supervisor for comments and a recommendation, and then through the chain of command to the Chief of Police for decision. If departmental charges are not recommended, the investigative file shall be forwarded to the accused officer's immediate supervisor and chain of command for resolution. The investigative report also shall recommend whether any positive corrective action should be taken, regardless of the recommended disposition or whether discipline is recommended. The Deputy Director of Quality Assurance shall be copied on all reports.

    81. Except where just cause does not exist to issue discipline, the City shall discipline any officer found guilty or who enters a plea in a criminal case regarding conduct while on regular or special duty; and any officer found civilly liable for misconduct committed on regular or special duty, or whose misconduct is the basis for the City being found civilly liable. Should the City conclude that just cause does not exist to issue discipline, the City shall set forth in writing the reasons for this decision.

    82. As circumstances warrant, the City shall discipline any officer who observes misconduct by another officer and fails to report it promptly to a supervisor or to IAB, or who knowingly provides false information in a misconduct investigation, firearms discharge investigation, or any report or log.

    83. All firearms discharges that are the subject of a CIRT investigation shall continue to be reviewed by the Firearms Board of Inquiry. The Board shall include among its members the commander in charge of the Training Bureau, an appropriate subject matter expert such as a firearms trainer), the police legal advisor from the City Attorney's Office, and one or more additional officers or supervisors designated by the Chief of Police.

    84. The Firearms Board of Inquiry shall issue a report following its review of a firearms discharge summarizing and analyzing all relevant evidence, and setting forth findings as to whether the discharge was within policy and whether any conduct related to the discharge violated CDP Rules of Conduct, CDP Directives, or Citywide Work Rules. The report may refer the matter for further investigation of potential misconduct, if appropriate. The report shall recommend whether any positive corrective action should be taken with regard to the involved officers. In addition, the report shall provide appropriate analyses, observations, and recommendations regarding strategic, tactical, training, and other issues, and may refer the investigative file to any other CDP unit for further review and analysis of such issues. The Deputy Director of Quality Assurance shall be copied on all reports.

    85. The report of the Firearms Board shall be forwarded through the involved officer's chain of command to the Chief for a determination of whether the firearms discharge was within policy, whether any conduct related to the discharge violated Citywide Work Rules or CDP Rules of Conduct or Directives, and whether discipline should issue.

    86. In deciding the appropriate discipline for each officer who is the subject of a "sustained" disposition in a misconduct investigation, is found in a firearms discharge review to have violated Citywide Work Rules or CDP Rules of Conduct or Directives, or is to be disciplined in accord with ¶ 81, the City shall consider the nature and severity of the misconduct, and information in the Personnel Performance Index (established in ¶ 92 of the Decree). The City also shall consider in each misconduct investigation, firearms discharge review, and review pursuant to ¶ 81 whether positive corrective action shall be taken, regardless of whether misconduct is found or discipline is issued (except where the discipline is termination).

    87. There shall be no automatic preference of an officer's statement over a civilian's statement. Similarly, there shall be no automatic judgment that there is insufficient information to make a credibility determination where the only or principal information about an incident is the conflicting statements of the involved officer and civilian. In each misconduct investigation and firearms discharge investigation, the City shall consider circumstantial evidence as appropriate, and make credibility determinations if feasible. The City shall establish guidelines for making credibility determinations, which shall include: use of standards employed by judges and juries to evaluate credibility; consideration of the accused officer's history of misconduct investigations (including those with dispositions other than "sustained") and disciplinary records and consideration of the civilian's criminal history for crimes involving untruthfulness. After a misconduct complaint is finally resolved by the City, the City shall inform the complainant of the resolution, in writing, including the investigation's significant dates, general allegations, disposition, and any resulting discipline or positive corrective action.

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Tracking, Records and Reporting
    89. The Internal Affairs Bureau shall track all open misconduct investigations and firearms discharge investigations to assure that investigations are completed in a timely fashion. Within 120 days following entry of this Decree, the City shall develop a plan for designing and implementing a computerized tracking system (including a timetable for implementation) and submit the plan to the Independent Monitor for approval, after first consulting with the United States. Following approval by the Monitor, the plan shall be implemented, except that the United States or the City may obtain Court review of the Monitor's decision to approve or disapprove the plan.

    90. All misconduct investigation files and firearms discharge investigations shall be available to personnel within the involved officer's chain of command who are responsible for that officer's training, supervision, or discipline.

    91. IAB shall prepare an annual public report of misconduct investigations and firearms discharge investigations. Such reports shall include statistical information and a summary of all investigations completed during the year.

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SUPERVISORY MEASURES TO PROMOTE CIVIL RIGHTS INTEGRITY AND REDUCE POLICE MISCONDUCT
Personnel Performance Index

    92. The City shall develop and implement a computerized system for maintaining and retrieving information necessary for supervision and management of the CDP to promote civil rights integrity and reduce police misconduct (hereinafter "the Personnel Performance Index" or "'PPI"). 

    93. The Personnel Performance Index shall contain information on all matters in the following categories: arrests charges listed in ¶ 48 of this Decree; "use of force" reports, "law enforcement related injury" reports, "search or seizure" reports, and "traffic stop" logs described in ¶¶ 40-43; misconduct investigations; firearms discharge investigations; civilian complements and other indicia of positive performance; and criminal arrests and charges, and civil suits, that are subject of the notification requirements described in ¶ 65. Attachment A to this Decree sets forth the minimum information about these matters that shall be included in the PPI, and the PPI's minimum search and retrieval capabilities.

    94. Where information about a single incident is entered in Personnel Performance Index from more than one report memorandum, or filing (e.g., from a civilian complaint and a "'use of force" report), the PPI shall use a common control number or other means to link the information from different sources so that the user can cross-reference the information and perform analyses.

    95. The City shall ensure that information is entered into the Personnel Performance Index in an accurate and timely fashion, and is maintained in a secure and confidential manner as allowed or required by law.

    96. Within 120 days following entry of this Decree, the City shall develop a plan for designing and implementing the Personnel Performance Index, including a timetable for implementation and a specification of the information contained in City records pre-dating the implementation of PPI that will be incorporated in PPI. The City shall submit the plan to the Independent Monitor for approval, after first consulting with the United States. Following approval by the Monitor, the plan shall be implemented, except that the United States or the City may obtain Court review of the Monitor's decision to approve or disapprove the plan.

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Use of the Personnel Performance Index to Supervise Officers or Groups of Officers
    97. The City shall develop a protocol for use of the Personnel Performance Index in supervising specific officers or groups of officers, which shall replace the "alert letter" system now used by the CDP. The City shall submit the protocol to the Independent Monitor for approval, after first consulting with the United States. Following approval by the Monitor, the protocol shall be implemented, except that the United States or the City may obtain Court review of the Monitor's decision to approve or disapprove the protocol.

    98. The protocol shall require review of any officer who:

  1. within a period of two years, is the subject of any combination of five of the following -  misconduct investigations of any kind initiated pursuant to ¶ 67 (excluding investigations in which all allegations against the officer are resolved as "exonerated") and firearms discharge investigations where discipline is recommended; or within a period of two years, is the subject of any combination of three of the preceding items where the items include allegations of similar types of misconduct (e.g., verbal abuse, excessive force, false arrest, or unreasonable search or seizure); or
  2. within a period of one year, uses force in five incidents (excluding any incident in which force only is used to effect the humane destruction of an animal).

    99. The protocol shall require that, at least quarterly, supervisors with the rank of lieutenant and above examine the information in the Personnel Performance Index about officers in their command to detect any potential pattern or series of incidents that indicate that an officer should be the subject of a supervisory review.

    100. Where appropriate, the review required by the preceding two paragraphs may result in positive corrective action being taken.

Analysis and Monitoring of Citywide and Localized Performance
    101. The City shall develop a protocol for using the data in the Personnel Performance Index to examine police performance citywide, performance of CDP units or sub-units, and performance according to the geographic area in which incidents occur. City shall submit the protocol to the Independent Monitor for approval, after first consulting with the United States. Following approval by the Monitor, the protocol shall be implemented, except that the United States or the City may obtain Court review of the Monitor's decision to approve or disapprove the protocol.

    102. The reviews required by the preceding paragraph occur at least quarterly, and shall both report pertinent data and analyze the data to detect citywide and localized trends or differences. Supervisors at the rank of commander and above shall require that explanations be provided, as appropriate, for apparent trends and differences shown by the data. These supervisors also shall use the data as a basis for targeting indepth assessments of CDP units or subunits or CDP performance in particular geographic areas, as appropriate.

    103. The protocol shall require that citywide and localized reviews encompass data on misconduct investigations, discipline, civil lawsuits, firearms discharges, other uses of force, searches and seizures, traffic stops, and arrests for charges listed in ¶ 48 of this Decree, and that the reviews examine racial data relating to these matters.

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Office of Quality Assurance
   104. The City shall establish within the Department of Public Safety an Office of Quality Assurance headed by a Deputy Director. This Office shall be responsible for auditing, investigating, and overseeing the CDP's handling of misconduct investigations and firearms discharge investigations, and may provide technical assistance and training to the CDP regarding appropriate methods and procedures for conducting such investigations. The City shall establish formal eligibility criteria for the Deputy Director and staff of the Office of Quality Assurance. The criteria shall address, inter alia, appropriate administrative and investigative experience, advanced training received or specialized knowledge in the law enforcement field, and a demonstrated commitment to police excellence.

    105. The Office may require that additional investigative steps be taken in a pending misconduct investigation or firearms discharge investigation, or may require that a completed investigation be re-opened for specified reasons. The Office may undertake audits of other matters relating to the CDP as specified by the Director of Public Safety.

    106. The Office shall have full and unrestricted access to all City staff, facilities, and documents including databases that the Office deems necessary to carry out its functions.

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Deputy Director of Training
    107. The City shall establish within the Department of Public Safety the position of Deputy Director of Training. The Deputy Director shall review all training provided by the CDP, and ensure that training is of a high quality, is consistent with the training goals and philosophy of the CDP, and is consistent with the provisions of this Decree. The City shall establish formal eligibility criteria for the Deputy Director of Training. The criteria shall address, inter alia, appropriate training experience, specialized knowledge in the law enforcement field, experience in curriculum development and evaluation and a demonstrated commitment to police excellence. The Deputy Director shall work in coordination with the Training Bureau and its commander, and the City may establish any necessary protocols to provide for such coordination. With the concurrence of the Director of Public Safety, the Deputy Director may require that training programs, practices, and procedures be amended.

PERSONNEL MATTERS
Promotions

    108. The City shall establish standards for promotions that consider the applicant's disciplinary record and disqualify applicants with a poor disciplinary record.

Chief of Police
    109. The City shall implement a performance evaluation system for the Chief of Police, who shall be evaluated by the Director of Public Safety based on performance criteria, goals, and objectives established yearly by the Chief and the Director and on the progress achieved in implementing this Decree and its objectives.

    110. If and when a vacancy occurs in the position of Chief of Police, because peculiar and exceptional qualifications of a managerial and professional character are required to implement this Decree, and because application of the usual competition requirements in such special case is impracticable and the position can best be filled by selection of a person of high and recognized attainments, the City shall adopt appropriate selection procedures. The procedures shall provide that the field of eligible candidates shall be expanded beyond the current limited field. The City shall submit the selection procedures to the Independent Monitor for approval, after first consulting with the United States. Following approval by the Monitor, the procedures shall be implemented, except that the United States or the City may obtain Court review of the Monitor's decision to approve or disapprove the procedures.

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Staffing and Assignment Analysis
    111. Within 150 days after entry of this Decree, the City and the United States shall together select a Staffing and Assignment Auditor who shall conduct an analysis of the staffing and assignment patterns currently employed by the CDP in the context of the CDP's strategic priorities.

    112. Within 150 days of being selected, the Staffing and Assignment Auditor shall submit a report to the parties and the Independent Monitor setting forth the Auditor's findings recommendations with regard to staffing and assignment, and the strategic priorities of the CDP. During the 30 days following submittal of the draft report, the Staffing and Assignment Auditor, the Independent Monitor, and the parties shall consult regarding the content of the draft report, and the Monitor and the parties may submit written comments on the draft report to the Auditor (with copies provided to each other. Within 30 days after the consultation and comment period has closed, the Auditor shall submit a final report to the Court, the Independent Monitor, and the parties, with appropriate explanations justifications for any changes made to the draft report.

    113. Within 90 days after submittal of the Staffing an Assignment Auditor's final report, the City shall develop a plan for implementing the report's recommendations and submit the plan to the Independent Monitor for approval, after first consulting with the United States. Following approval by the Monitor, the plan shall be implemented, except that the United States or the City may obtain Court review of the Monitor's decision to approve or disapprove the plan.

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OVERSIGHT, REPORTING AND RECORDKEEPING AND IMPLEMENTATION
Independent Monitor

    114. Within 90 days after the entry of this Decree, the City and the United States shall together select an Independent Monitor who shall monitor and report on the City's implementation of this Decree. The Monitor shall be acceptable to both parties. If the parties are unable to agree on a Monitor, each party shall submit two names, along with resumes or curricula vitae and cost proposals, to the Court and the Court shall appoint the Monitor from among the names submitted. The City shall bear all costs of the Monitor.

    115. The Monitor shall be an agent of the Court and shall not be retained by any current or future litigant or claimant in a claim or suit against the City or its officers. The Monitor shall not issue statements or make findings with regard to any act or omission of the City, or its agents or representatives, except as required or expressly authorized by the terms of this Decree. The Monitor may testify in this case regarding any matter relating to the implementation, enforcement, or dissolution of this Decree.

    116. The Monitor shall offer the City technical assistance regarding compliance with this Decree.

    117. The City shall provide the Monitor with full and unrestricted access to all City staff, facilities, and documents (including databases) as the Monitor deems necessary to carry out the duties assigned to the Monitor by this Decree.

    118. The Monitor, inter alia, shall review and evaluate the quality and timeliness of: all firearms discharge investigations; appropriate samples of misconduct investigations; disciplinary action and positive corrective action taken after misconduct investigations and firearms discharge investigations and pursuant to ¶ 81; positive corrective action taken after supervisory reviews of officers pursuant to ¶¶ 98 and 99; reviews and analyses conducted pursuant to ¶ 101, and supervisory steps taken in response to such reviews and analyses; and appropriate samples of "use of force" reports, "law enforcement related injury" reports, "search and seizure" reports, and traffic stop logs required by ¶¶ 40-44, supervisory reviews of these reports and logs, and referrals made and positive corrective action taken following the reviews.

    119. The City shall re-open for further investigation any misconduct investigation or firearms discharge investigation the Monitor determines to be incomplete. The Monitor shall provide written instructions for completing the investigation.

    120. During the first year after this Decree is approved, the Monitor shall issue a quarterly report detailing the City's compliance with and implementation of this Decree. Thereafter the Monitor shall issue such reports at least semi-annually or more frequently as the Monitor determines is appropriate.

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Reports and Records
    121. Between 90 and 120 days following entry of this Decree and every six months thereafter until this Decree is terminated, the City shall file with the Court and the Monitor, with a copy to the United States a status report delineating all steps taken during the reporting period to comply with each provision of this Decree.

    122. The City shall maintain all records documenting its compliance with the terms of this Decree and all documents required by or developed under this Decree. The City shall maintain all misconduct investigation files and firearms discharge investigation files for at least ten years from the date of the incident. The City shall maintain an officer's training records, and all personally identifiable information about an officer included in the Personnel Performance Index, during the officer's employment with the CDP and for three years after the officer leaves the CDP. Personally identifiable information about an officer that is removed from the PPI shall be maintained indefinitely in an archive. Information in the PPI that is not personally identifiable to a specific officer shall be maintained indefinitely in the PPI for statistical purposes.

    123. While the Court maintains jurisdiction over this action, the United States shall have access to any City documents, databases, staff, and facilities the United States deems necessary to evaluate compliance with this Decree and, within a reasonable time following a request made to the City Attorney, shall be granted such access and receive copies of documents and databases requested by the United States.

Implementation
    124. This Decree shall become effective on entry by the Court. Except where otherwise specifically indicated, the City shall implement all provisions of this Decree within 120 days after entry of this Decree.

    125. Where this Decree requires that the City adopt standards, practices, or procedures to expand or elaborate on Decree requirements, and the standards, practices, or procedures proposed by the City either conflict with the collective bargaining agreement between the City and the Fraternal Order of Police ("FOP"), or involve wages, hours, or a term or condition of employment as defined by Ohio law, the requisite standards, practices, or procedures will be adopted as follows:

  1. The City and the FOP will meet, pursuant to the terms of the current collective bargaining agreement, and attempt to agree upon modifications to the collective bargaining agreement or resolution to conflicts that may arise in the implementation of this Decree.
  2. If the City and the FOP are unable to reach agreement, the City and the FOP shall present the matter in writing, to the Independent Monitor for decision. The Independent Monitor may require additional information and the United States may fully participate in the decision-making process. The Monitor shall require implementation by the City of the standards, practices, or procedures that best fulfill the objectives of this Decree. The decision of the Monitor shall be final and not subject to arbitration, except any party may seek de novo review by the Court which, if such review is sought, shall apply the same decisional standard set forth above for the Monitor.

    126. The Court shall retain jurisdiction of this action for all purposes during the term of this Decree. At any time after both five years have elapsed since the date of entry of this Decree and substantial compliance has been maintained for no less than two years, the City may move to terminate this Decree. Any motion to dismiss must detail all aspects of the City's compliance with each provision of this Decree, supported by affidavits and supporting documentation. The United States shall have 90 days from receipt of the City's motion to file any objections. In the event the United States files objections to the City's motion, the Decree shall remain in effect at least until entry of a court order disposing of the motion and thereafter as dictated by the Court's order. In the event the United States objects to termination of the Decree, the Court shall hold a hearing, at which both parties may present evidence, before ruling on the City's motion to terminate. At the hearing, the burden shall be on the City to demonstrate that it has fully and faithfully implemented all provisions of this Decree and maintained substantial compliance for at least two years.

    127. No changes, modifications, or amendments of this Decree shall be effective unless the Court orders them.

    128. The parties agree to defend the provisions of this Decree. The parties shall notify each other of any court or administrative challenge to this Decree. In the event any provision of this Decree is challenged in any local or state court, removal to a federal court shall be sought.

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In the event any provision of this Decree is declared Invalid for any reason by a court of competent jurisdiction, said finding shall not affect the remaining provisions of this Decree. We consent and seek entry of this Decree:

FOR THE PLAINTIFF, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:

SHARON J. ZEALEY
United States Attorney
Southern District of Ohio

BILL LANN LEE
Acting Assistant- Attorney General
Civil Rights Division

 

Civil Chief
Office of the U.S. Attorney
Southern District of Ohio
280 North High St., 4th floor  Columbus, OH 43215
(614)

STEVEN H. ROSENBAUM
Chief
MELLIE H. NELSON
Deputy Chief
U.S. Department of Justice
Civil Rights Division
Special Litigation Section
  MARK A.POSNER
  Trial Attorney
  U.S. Department of Justice
  Civil Rights Division
  Special Litigation Section
  P.O. Box 66400
  Washington, D.C. 20035-6400
  (202) 307-1388

FOR THE DEFENDANT CITY OF COLUMBUS:

JANET E. JACKSON
City Attorney
City of Columbus
90 West Broad Street
Columbus, Ohio 43215-9013
(614) 645-7385
GREGORY S. LASHUTKA
Mayor
City of Columbus
90 West Broad Street
Columbus, Ohio 43215-9013
(614) 645-7681

      SO ORDERED this __________ day of ___________, 1999

 

        ______________________
         United States District Judge

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Attachment A

The minimum information about the matters identified in ¶ 93 to be included in the Personnel Performance Index is as follows:

1. the names and badge numbers of the subject officers, their race and gender, their specific assignment at the time of the incident (Bureau, precinct, shift, squad, team, or other assignment), and whether the incident occurred on regular or special duty, or off duty;

2. the name and badge number of each subject officer's immediate supervisor at the time the incident occurred;

3. the name, race, and gender of each: complainant; person who was the victim of misconduct alleged in a complaint where the complaint is filed by a third person; civil plaintiff; person who was the subject of a reported use of force, a reported search or seizure, or a reported law enforcement related injury; arrestee for charges listed in ¶ 48 of this Decree; person who was the victim or alleged victim of a crime for which an officer was arrested or charged; and person who the victim of misconduct by a CDP officer where a criminal or civil proceeding resulted in a finding of misconduct;

4. the race and gender of each vehicle driver that is the subject of a traffic stop, and the state in which the vehicle is licensed;

5. the date, time, and location of each incident, traffic stop, and arrest, including the precinct in which it occurred;

6. the charges, by code violation, filed against each arrestee for charges listed in ¶ 48 of this Decree;

7 a description of the type of injuries, if any, suffered by civilian or officer, and medical/hospital data; where force is used, an identification of each specific type of force used;

9. where a "search or seizure" report is prepared, the basis for the search or seizure (including whether it was based on probable cause, consent, plain view or exigent circumstances), and any weapons, evidence, or contraband found;

10. where a traffic stop is recorded in a traffic stop log, whether the driver was cited or warned, and if so, the charges, whether the driver or passengers were requested to exit the vehicle, whether consent to search the vehicle was requested or granted, whether a canine was deployed and alerted, and any weapons, evidence, or contraband found;

11. a textual description of all misconduct allegations, and an identification of the type of misconduct alleged against each involved officer;

12. a textual description of each firearms discharge incident and any misconduct allegations raised in the investigation;

13. if a misconduct investigation is initiated, the event listed in ¶ 67 of the Decree that triggered the investigation, whether the investigation is open or closed, the disposition (by officer and by allegation), and any discipline or positive corrective action imposed (by officer and by allegation);

14. if a firearms discharge investigation is conducted, whether the investigation is open or closed, the disposition (by officer), and any discipline or positive corrective action imposed (by officer); and

15. all in-service training, assignments, and transfers received by each officer, all referrals for mandatory counseling, the names and badge numbers of the FTOs to which each officer was assigned while on probationary status, and any subsequent assignment to an FTO (including the FTO's name and badge number) and each instance of positive corrective action ordered where that is not the result of a misconduct or firearms investigation.

The Personnel Performance Index shall have, at a minimum, the capability to search and retrieve information or numerical counts, by range of dates, for the following categories: individual officer, supervisor, or Field Training Officer; unit of assignment; precinct in which an incident occurred; conduct on-duty, on special duty, or off duty; race or gender of the subject officer; race or gender of the persons identified above in ¶ ¶ 3 and 4 of this attachment; type of force; type of search; type of arrest; type of injury; type of misconduct alleged; type of misconduct investigation; firearms discharge investigations; type of discipline; type of positive corrective action; and whether an investigation was conducted by IAB, CIRT or was delegated to a CDP supervisor.

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